Vaclav Smil
Grand Transitions
How the Modern World Was Made
2021 (First published: 2019)
What makes the modern world work? The answer lies in four "grand transitions" of civilization--in populations, agriculture, energy, and economics. Societies that have undergone all four transitions emerge into an era of radically different population dynamics, food surpluses (and waste), abundant energy use, and expanding economic opportunities. Simultaneously, in other parts of the world, hundreds of millions remain largely untouched by these developments.